直接引语变间接引语

对你来说,别人的想法你也不一定会接受。对于阅读或观看过的作品,用自己的话语把它写出来,我们称之为心得体会。写作训练中有一项重要的事情,那就是写心得体会,写心得体会可以记录我们的思想活动。那么一篇好的心得体会要怎么才能写好呢?以下是小编为大家整理的“直接引语变间接引语 ”,相信能对大家有所帮助。

直接引语变间接引语

一、 直接引语变间接引语

A. 疑问句的间接引语

1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时,要用陈述语序,并要加连词if 或 whether,其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didnt know等。句末不用问号。[由 asked。 汤姆问:你是喜欢这个还是那个?

转变为: Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one。 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。

4。其它

英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问,而是表示请求、劝告、推荐等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时,往往采用其他的形式。

①.suggest doing

Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael。 迈克尔说:我们今晚都去看电影,好吗?

转变为: Michael suggested going to the film tonight。 迈克尔推荐今晚都去看电影。

What about having a drink he asked。 他

他问:喝杯怎样样?

He suggested having a drink。 他推荐喝一杯。

②.advise sb to do

Why dont you go hiking asked James。 詹姆士问:你为什么不徒步旅行?

James advised me to go hiking。 詹姆士推荐我去徒步旅行。

③。 offer to do

He said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说:你要我寄信吗?

He offered to ost the letter。 他主动提出寄信。

④.ask sb to do

Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me。 她对我说:劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗?

转变为: She asked me to take my reference book there the next day。 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。

B.陈述句的间接引语

直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,在多数状况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句,引述动词通常是say, tell等。与此同时,间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much。那老外告诉我:我很喜欢北京。

转变为: The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much。 那老外告诉我说他(她)很喜欢北京。

She said,We are very fond of sports。 她说:我们都喜欢体育运动。

转变为: She said that they were very fond of sports。 她说他(她)们都喜欢体运动。

Ill go over the grammar lesson once again,he said。 他说:我将把语法课再复习一遍。

转变为: He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again。 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可省略)

C. 祈使句的间接引语

1.直接引语为祈使句时,间接引语往往用复合宾来表示,其结构为主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语(动词不定式)。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, mand, request等词,句中please去掉。

She said to me, please have a rest。 她对我说:请休息一下。

转变为: She asked me to have a rest。 她要求我休息一下。

Dont all answer at once, she said to the pupils。 她对学生说:大家不要齐声回答。转变为: She told the pupils not to answer all at once。 她叫学生不要齐声回答。

2.带有let的祈使句(表示请求,推荐或命令),可用suggest -ing形式或suggest that从句来表示其相应的意思。

Lets go for a walk, said the girl。 那姑娘说,让我们

去散散步吧。

转变为: The girl suggested going for a walk。 这女孩推荐去散散步。

The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom。 老师说:让莉莉整理教室。

转变为: The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom。 老师推荐让莉莉整理教室。

D. 感叹句的间接引语

1.有些感叹句能够根据原句的意思,采用适当的动词变为陈述句,不需用间接宾语来转述。

Help! he cried。 他喊到:救命啊!

转变为: He called for help。 他大声呼救。

What terrible weather it is!he said。 他说:多么糟糕的天气!

转变为: He plained about the terrible weather。 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。

Happy Chrismas! he said。 他说:圣诞快乐!

He wished me a happy Christmas。 他祝我圣诞快乐。

2.直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时,多采用宾语从句结构,既可用what或how引导,也可用that引导。

What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him。 老师对他说,你是个聪明的孩子啊!

转变为: My teacher told him what a clever boy he was。 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。

转变为: My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy。 老师说他是一个十分聪明的孩子。

He said, How well you look! 他说:你看起来气色多好啊!

转变为: He said how well I looked。 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。

转变为: He said that I ooked very well。 他说我看起来气色很好。

间接引语中的词语变化

直接引语变为间接引语时,间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时光和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。

A. 时态的变化

1.时态的变化

①此刻时光推移到过去时光

直接引语中的时态

一般此刻时

此刻完成时

此刻进行时

此刻完成进行时

间接引语中的时态

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去完成进行时

The old man said, I have lived in this street since 1960。

转变为:The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960。 那老人说他自从196年起就住在那条街上了。

He said, Is it raining

转变为: He asked if it was raining。

他问是不是正在下雨。

②过去时光推移到过去的过去

直接引语中的时态

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去进行时

间接引语中的时态

过去完成时

过去完成时(不变)

过去完成进行时或不变

She said to me, I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago。

转变为:She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before。她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。

What were you doing at seven p。m。 yesterday he asked

转变为: He asked me what I was doing at seven p。m。 the day before。 他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么。

③将来时光推移到过去将来时光

直接引语中的时态

一般将来时

isamare going to do

isamare to do

间接引语中的时态

过去将来时

waswere going to do

waswere to do

He said, We shall get ready by eight oclock。

转变为:He said that they ould get ready by eight oclock。 他说他们将在8点前准备好。

We are to meet at the school gate, she said to me。

转变为: Sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate。 她告诉我他们约定在校门口见面。

④间接引语中持续原先时态不变

在下列状况下,间接引语中的谓语动词时态能够持续不变。

a。 主句为此刻时或将来时,间接引语的时态持续不变。

He thinks, She will be back in a month。

转变为: He thinks she will be back in a month。 他想她将在一个月后回来。

He says, I have accepted her invitation。

He says he has accepted her invitation。 他说他已理解了她的邀请。

比较:

间接引语中的谓语动词时态比较。

Sarah said to me,I have two brothers。 莎莎对我说:我有两个弟弟。

Sarah told me that she has two brothers。 莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话才认为这状况是真实的)

Sarah told me that she had two brothers。 莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。(说话者对此没有什么把握)

b。 间接引语表示的是此刻的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。

The geography teacher said to the students, The earth moves round the sun。

转变为: Th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun。 老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。

He said, Every dog has his day。

转变为: He said that every dog has his day。 他说是人皆有出头日。

c。 间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在,时态可持续不变。

,The window is brokn。

转变为: He said that the window is broken。他说玻璃窗碎了。

Just now Brown said, My son is ill today。

转变为: Brown told me just now that his son is ill today。 布朗刚才告诉我说,他儿子这天病了。

d。 间接引语中有明确的过去时光状语,仍可用一般过去时,不必改为过去完成时。

The girl said, Iwas born in 1978。

转变为: The girl said that she was born in 1978。那女孩说她生于1978年。

She said, My teacher was busy yesterday。

转变为: She said that her teacher was busy yesterday。 她说她老师昨日很忙。

2.情态动词的变化

情态动词在间接引语中都能够改为过去式,must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时,可不变;表示务必时可不变,也可用had to 或would have to。

The senior said, All men must die。

转变为: The senior said that all men must die。 那老者说人总是要死的。

She said, I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon。

转变为: She saidshe mustwould have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon。 她说第二天下午她必须得去看医生。

He said to me, We used to go there every year。

转变为: He toldme that they used to e here every year。 他对我说他们过去每年都来那里。(used to在间接引语中不变)

B. 代词的变化

1.人称代词的变化

①当主句的主语是第一人称时,引语中的人称代词不变。

I said, You did quite well in the exam yesterday。

转变为: I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before。我说你那天考得不错。

②直接引语中主语是第一人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。

He said to Tom, Ill do my best to catch up with others。

转变为: He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others。 他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。

③直接引语中主语是第二人称时,在改为间接引语时,其人称和主句的宾语相一致。

He said to her, Where did you put the glasses

转变为: He asked her where she had put the glasses。 他问她,她把杯子放哪儿了。

提示:

如果主句中无宾语,应根据语境或想象,自添适当的宾语;如果直接引语中有呼语,则将其改为间接引语的宾语。

Mother asked, Where have you been

转变为: Moher asked me where I had been。 母亲问我去哪儿了。

Why are you late again, John the teacher asked。

转变为: The teacher asked John why he was late again。 老师问约翰为什么他

又迟到。

④直接引语中主语是第三人称时,在改为间接引语时不发生变化。

He said to Tom, She can help them。

转变为: He told Tom that she could help them。 他告诉汤姆她能够帮忙他们。

2.物主代词的变化

You should not overlook your fault, Mum said to me。

转变为: Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault。 妈妈对我说我不就应忽略我的缺点。

The two boys said, We have lost ur dog。

转变为: The two boys said they had lost their dog。 这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。

3.指示代词的变化

直接引语中的指示代词

this

these

间接引语中的指示代词

that

those

She said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived。

转变为: She said that that wa the house in which Lu Xun had once lived。 她说那是鲁迅以前住过的房子。

I bought these flowers for you, Jane said。

Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me。 简说那些花是她为我买的。

I grow these tomatoes myself, he said。

转变为: He aid that he grew those tomatoes himself。 他说那些胡萝卜是他自我种的。

C. 时光和地点状语的变化

1.地点状语的变化

当直接引语变间引语时,地点状语here通常变为there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点,那么仍然使用here。

Come here, please, he said。

转变为: He asked me to e here。 他叫我到那里来。(引述人地点不变)

转变为: He asked me to go there。 他叫我到那里去。(引述人地点发生变化)

Here she burst out into a flood of tears, he said to me。

转变为: He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there。 他告诉我说,谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来。

2.时光状语的变化

He said, I spoke to them yesterday。

转变为: He said that h had spoken to them the day before。 他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。

The student said,We have learned about 3,000 English words so far。

转变为: The student said that they had learned about 3,000 English words by then。 那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3,000个英语单词。

直接引语变间接引语的用法

一.1。 引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;

2。 用自我的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数状况下是一个宾语从句。

二. 直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意人称、时

态、时光状语、地点状语等的变化。

1、时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时,若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即一般此刻时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,此刻进行时变为过去进行时,此刻完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时,等等(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语能够不变)。另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等,也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must能够变为had to,也可不变,should, ought to, had better 等能够不变)。如:

He said, Im waiting for her。 他说:我在等她。

变为He said that he was waiting for her。 他说他在等她。

I like to watch TV, she said。 她说:我喜欢看电视。

变为She said that she liked to watch TV。 她说她喜欢看电视。

It will rain soon, he said。 他说:很快就会下雨。

变为He said that it would rain soon。 他说很快就会下雨。

She can swim, he said。 他说:她会游泳。

变为He said that she could swim。 他说她会游泳。

直接引语

一般此刻时

一般将来时

此刻进行时

此刻完成时

过去完成时

间接引语

一般过去时

过去将来时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去完成时

2、人称的变化

下方有一句顺口溜 一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新。一随主是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said。 "My brother wants to go with me。 "变为She said her brother wanted to go with her。

二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟

引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也能够用第一人称,如:

He said to Kate。 "How is your sister now?"变为He asked Kate how her sister was then。

第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"变为Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

3、时光状语、地点状语等其他变化

指示代词

时光状语

地点状语

动词

this变为that

now 变为then

here变为there

e变为go

these变为those

today变为 that day

bring变为take

tonight变为that night

1)直接引语变间接引语时,有些时光状语根据状况也要相应的改动:如将now改为then,将today 改为that day,将tonight改为that night,将yesterday改为the day before,将this month改为that month,将last week改为the week before,将three years ago改为three years before,将tomorrow改为the next day,将next year改为the next year,等等。如: He said, Im very busy now。 他说:我此刻很忙。

变为He said that he was very busy then。 他说他当时很忙。

He said, I want to leave today。 他说:他想这天离开。

变为He said that he wanted to leave that day。 他说他想那天就离开。

He said, She left yesterday。 他说:她昨日离开了。

变为He said that she had left the day before。 他说她前一天就离开了。

She said, Ill tell you tomorrow。 她说:我明天告诉你。

变为She said that she would tell me the next day。 她说她第二天告诉我。

以上变化有时应视状况而定,若在当时转述,now不必改为then;若在当天转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等;若在当周转述,this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week;若在当年转述,this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year等

2)主要涉及的地点状语是here,它在间接引语中通常要变为there。如Ive live here for 10 years, he said。 他说:我在这儿已住了10年。

变为He said that he had lived there for 10 years。 他说他在那儿住了10年。

注:若在当地转述,则here也可不必改为there

3)直接引语变为间接引语时,有个别动词也可能需要改变,如e改为go,bring改为take等。如:

He will e today。 she said。 她说

:他这天会来。

变为She said that he would go that day。 她说他那天会去。

注:若地点和场所未发生改变,e和bring等也可不变

三.由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下状况:

1。 直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that 引导。例如:

She said, I am very happy to be with you。 变为She said (that) she was very happy to be with me。

He said,I will choose a book for my students。 变为He said(that)he would choose a book for his students。

2。 直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if 引导。例如:

He asked me, Do you like watching TV?变为He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV。

He asked, Are you sure your mother will e?变为He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would e。

注意:大多数状况下, if和whether 在引导宾语从句时能够互换,但后紧跟or not时,一般只用whether。例如:

She asked me whether or not he could do the work。 / She asked me whether he could do the work or not。

3。 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who, whom, what, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如:

He asked: Where are you to get off, John? 变为He asked John where he was to get off。

直接引语变间接引语时,有些时光状语根据状况也要相应的改动:如将now改为then,将today 改为that day,将tonight改为that night,将yesterday改为the day before,将this month改为that month,将last week改为the week before,将three years ago改为three years before,将tomorrow改为the next day,将next year改为the next year,等等。如:

He said, It is too late now。 他说:此刻太迟了。

变为:He said that it was too late then。 他说当时已太迟了。

He said, It is very cold today。 他说:这天很冷。

变为:He said that it was very cold that day。 他说那天很冷。

She said, Ill be back tomorrow。 她说:我明天回来。

变为:She said that she would be back the next day。 她说她第二天回来。

以上变化有时应视状况而定,若在当时转述,now不必改为then;若在当天转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等;若在当周转述,this week, last week 不必改为that week, the week before;若在当年转述,this year, last year 不必改为that year, the year before 等。

巧记直接引语变间接引语

口诀:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新

第一人称看主语,第二人称看宾语,宾语若是不存在,活用代词I, me, my。

注:一随主是指在直接

引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:

She said,My brother wants to go with me。

转变为: She said her brother wanted to go with her。

二随宾是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人你所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也能够用第一人称,如:

He said to Kate,How is your sister now

转变为: He asked Kate how her sister was then。

第三人称不更新是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:

Mr。 Smith said,Jack is a good worker。

转变为: Mr。 Smith said Jack was a good worker。

如何变时态:

口诀:主句谓语动词此刻将来一般时,直引只变人称用原句,主句的谓语动词一般过去时,间引时态向后升一级; 主句的谓语动词一般过去时,直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。

直接引语间接引语

一般此刻时 一般过去时

此刻进行时 过去进行时

此刻完成时 过去完成时

一般过去时 过去完成时

过去完成时 过去完成时

一般将来时 过去将来时

如:

1) She said,I have lost a pen。转变为: She said she had lost a pen。

2) She said,We hope so。转变为: She said they hoped so。

3) She said,He will go to see his friend。转变为: She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种状况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。

① 直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。

The earth moves around the sun。 the teacher told me。

转变为: The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

② 直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:

Jack said,John, where were you going when I met you in the street

转变为: Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③ 直接引语中有具体的过去某

年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:

Xiao Wang said,I was born on April 2l, 1980。

转变为: Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④ 直接引语如果是一般此刻时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:

He said,I get up at six every morning。转变为: He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤ 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to,had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:

peter said,You had better e have today。

转变为: peter said I had better go there that day。

如何变状语:

直引变间引,状语变化应遵循:时状今变昔,地状近变远,指示这变那,动作来变去

直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时光状语由此刻改为原先

(例:now 变为 then, yesterday 变为 the day before)地点状语,

尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由此改为彼(例:this 改为 that),如:

He said,These books are mine。 转变为: He said those books were his。

直接引语 间接引语

时 now then

today that day

this week(month ) that week(month)

间 yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

Last week(year ) The week(year ) before

状 Three days(a year, years ) ago Three days(a year, years ) before

tomorrow The next(following) day

The day after tomorrowTwo days later(in two days time)

语 Next week(year, month ) The next(following)week(year, month )

指示代词 this that

these those

地点状语 here there

动 词 e go

Bring take

如何变句型:

1。 直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。

直接引语陈述句,去掉引号加that,引述动词say ,tell, repeat, explain, think,人称变化要灵活,时态向后退一步,状语变化按规定。

如:

She said, My brother doesnt want to go there。

转变为:She said that her brother didnt want to go there。

She said,Our bus will arrive in five minutes。

转变为: She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes。

2。直接引语是疑问句时,间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

直接引语疑问句,间接引语陈述序,引导动词say要变,ask,wonder,do not know,want to know,be not sure,be puzzled据语气。

直接引语一般、反意疑问句,去掉引号加if/whether,直接引语选取疑问句,whetheror带宾从

句,陈述语序要记住,时态人称和状语,留意变化别马虎。

I asked her, Do you study English here

转变为: I asked her if she studied English there。

She said, "Do you often e here to read newspapers"

转变为:She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers。

She asked me , "You have seen the film, havent you"

转变为:She asked me whether(或ifI had seen the film。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight"

转变为:I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night。

He said,Can you swim, John 转变为: He asked John if he could swim。

You have finished the homework, havent youmy mother asked。

转变为: My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework。

直接引语是特殊疑问句,直接去引号,陈述莫忘掉,留意助动词,丢它最重要。

What do you want he asked me。

转变为:He asked me what I wanted。

She asked me,When do they have their dinner

转变为: She asked me when they had their dinner。

3。直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语为what 或how 引导,也能够用that 引导。

直接引语感叹句,what 、how 来引导,间引仍用感叹句,有时也用that引,间引语序要调整,陈述语序最要紧。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

转变为:She said what a lovely day it was 。

或She said that it was a lovely day。

4。直接引语是祈使句时,间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(dont 变为not )。直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth。句型。直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时,要变成以下格式:

ask sb。 (not) to do sth。 (表示客气)

tell sb。 (not) to do sth。(命令性强于上方)

order sb。 (not) to do sth。 (命令性最强)

直接引语祈使句,间接引语不定式,去掉引号要加to;ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise,带宾补,直接引语是否定式,not加在to前部。

如:

The teacher said to her mother, please give me the book。

转变为: The teacher asked her mother to give her the book。

The teacher said to her mother, Dont give me the book。

转变为: The teacher told her mother not to give her the book。

Dont make any noise,she said to the children。

转变为: She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise。

Bring me a cup of tea, please,said she。

转变为: She asked him to bring her a cup of tea。

注意:

直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用suggest 动名词(或从句)。如:

He said, "Lets go to the film。"

转变为:He suggested going to the film。或He suggested that they should go to see the film。

F132.cOM更多心得体会小编推荐

直接告诉他感受


直接告诉他感受

当衡衡在充气城堡里欢悦蹦跳时,他是快乐的,而我充其量只是安心,安心于他正快乐着,但我体验不到运动中的兴奋,倒是因为室内空调太冷,想赶快出去。

当衡衡和我眉飞色舞地说着角色打斗场面时,我微笑倾听,这一刻他也是快乐的,而我也只是欣慰他正快乐着,同样,我此时也谈不上有什么战斗的激情,更多时候是心猿意马。

做父母的如果总是为了让孩子快乐而委屈了自己,做自己不喜欢做的事,即便这些事情是有益的,是可以让孩子健康成长的,但长此以往,父母心里会不会也有怨气?特别当一切变得不顺利的时候,这种怨气会爆发出来吧,譬如说,我吃了那么多苦,那样待你,你就这样回报我?孩子这才知道,出来混迟早要还的,原来父母当初那样好的对自己,不是完全的心甘情愿,是为了让自己变得更懂事优秀,好让他们舒心合意。[由整理]

这样做,是很累的,也是很冒险的,有时候我觉得干脆以诚相对,不欺人,也不自欺,直接告诉他感受。

今天衡衡想让我和他一起画星球大战,我从内心来讲,实在很讨厌他这种不讲构图,不讲技法,不讲配色,只求战争快感的画法。以往我会耐心地但很不爽地和他一起画,并不让他知道我的感受。这样做当时没有什么,但如果当天衡衡做了什么错事,

,我就会想,亏得我刚才还陪你画画呢。为了避免这种弱智想法,现在,我选择直接告诉他:我知道你很喜欢画这个内容,我也告诉你,我现在写文章的心情就像你一样开心。我们俩虽然喜欢做的事情不一样,但我们俩现在的心情是一样的。我们各做各的吧。好像效果还不错,衡衡既没有为难我,也没有不高兴,画完后依旧高兴地和我分享。女性网名简单文雅

我要试着多讲真实的感受,而不是光面堂皇的道理,否则对方潜意识觉得虚假,感受不到爱,意识上还要认定这是大人为他好,这不是精神分裂吗?

父母和孩子永远不会一个赢一个输,要么双赢,要么双输。一个很高兴,一个很不爽,下一集就会是两个都很不爽。

“千变女郎”——有机物


我的化学成绩在以前其实是不错的,中考得了96分。只是想不到高中的“有机物”变得与我所认识的化学相去十万八千里,以致我——一个活生生的人站在一堆同样是人创造出来的乱七八糟的符号面前不知所措,确实有点好笑,但我笑不出。

由无机物“进化”成的有机物使我摸不着边,我想这确实不能怪我。尽管化学老师不厌其烦地讲了一遍又一遍,我就是不明白什么是取代反应,什么是同系物,什么是和成反应,什么是同分异构体。老师说同分异构体就像三胞胎、四胞胎。可是我只见过双胞胎,当然不懂了。

ch4据说是最简单的有机物,可是在我眼中它简直是“千变女郎”。我瞪着它,努力想看清这狡猾的家伙怎样一下子多个“h”,一下子又少个“h”,一会儿又多出一个“cl”来,结果弄得我莫名其妙。这倒令我想起契诃夫的《变色龙》来,而且思绪一下子飘得很远,我甚至想到街上的小贩、酒店的老板。我饶有兴致地想着,不由得笑出了声。老师的警告声仿佛从遥远的天边传入耳中,我一惊,讲台上依然是不变的面孔,不厌其烦的解说。我叹了口气,继续瞪着ch4,无奈它依旧张牙舞爪,得意非凡,千变万化……

段考时,靠着一点模模糊糊的记忆力加一点朦朦胧胧的灵感,我的“有机物”前途一片“光明”——再度挂“红灯”。老师不无惋惜地说:“你本可以考好一点的。”我苦笑,眼前一个个c,一个个h,放肆飞扬……

教育的蝶变和异化


一个毛毛虫幻化为蝴蝶,期间它把自己封闭在厚厚的蚕茧里,但等时机。
在黑暗的时空隧道里,在封闭的自闭环境里,它几乎无所作为。
先前的汲取与积累,若干的消化与嬗变,都只是一场准备。在别人看来,一切都还是未知数,一切都还遥远。它的梦显得那么遥远几乎愚不可及。
但是终于有一天它破茧而出,拍翅而飞了,挥动着一副几乎透明的幼嫩翅膀,在灿烂的阳光下,和着美丽的旋律,划着一条美丽的弧线,歌唱它的新生。
育之于人生,就犹如这场蝶变之路。有过懵懂无知,有过一知半解,有过醍醐灌顶,有过黑暗与焦灼,然后漫长的等待,最后终于重见天日,凤凰涅槃,在春天中御风高飞!
但是,也有胎死腹中的个案。由于外在的严酷的气候,许多生命没有躲过一波又一波的打击;由于内在的储备不足,历练不够,许多生命能量很快消耗殆尽,蜡炬成灰。
更有甚者,再过量的知识灌输下,在习惯性的求同思维作用下,在日复一日的激烈而乏味的竞争下,教育已经不是人生的幸福而是孩子们躲不过的磨难,他们憎恶学校和老师,他们蔑视说教和虚伪,厌恶学习,终于有一天开始拼死反击,以另一种形式叛逆我们的谆谆教诲,成为我们的掘墓人。他们的存在一再提醒我们,教育并不是纯粹的一壶美酒,过量的或非科学的饮用可能也会蜕变为一剂难以下咽的毒药啊。
适度的教育是享受,过度的教育是难受;
适度的教育是幸福的前提,过度的教育是灾难的伏笔;
适度的教育是浓度适中的醇酒,而过度的教育无异于饮鸩止渴!

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