课题:Module 5 Unit3 Life in the future
Reading: First impressions
单元/课时学习内容分析
本单元的中心话题是谈论未来生活,本节课时本单元的第一节阅读课,是一篇科普文章,主要是由一个故事来呈现,通过讲述LiQiang 因为中奖来到3008年亲身经历了在未来生活中交通,环境,住房等方面发生的巨大变化,第一印象和感受。
文章是一封以email的方式写给父母的家信,语言简洁明了,理解相对容易,但是文章信息量较大,为学生提供了想象的空间,因此,学生通过快速阅读首先归纳文章的主旨和段意。了解文章从哪些方面描述了未来生活,找到未来世界在以下几方面的变化:跨时空旅行,交通,住房,城镇环境和空气质量。
然后通过回答问题和列表,匹配等练习形式帮助学生获取关于对未来各方面具体描述的信息。同时,由于文章涉及的内容是科学幻想的,学生生活实践中未能尝试和经历的,因此可以借助图片以及与文章内容相关的flash动画等资源帮助学生理解信息,使学生对未来世界有一定的感观认识。
此外,学生通过获取关于对LiQing心理的描写判断其对未来的态度,并找出支持观点的论据或例子。培养学生推理判断的能力。在此基础上,学生对文中描述的未来生活得出自己的结论和判断。对人类的活动进行反思,提倡环保的生活意识,
最后通过本课的学习,学生进行发挥想象,对未来的生活环境和生活方式进行猜测。培养学生发散性思维和创新精神。
学生基本情况简介
高二学生能够运用基本词汇描述用英语简单描述现在和未来的生活,表达个人情感和个人观点,学生具备基本的阅读能力,如概括文意,猜测词义,获取实事细节等。掌握了一些简单的阅读技巧及方法,如略读,找读,跳读等。
但是学生缺乏对文字传达的信息的准确理解。因此学生在人物对未来生活的态度进行判断时,容易形成思维定势,主观臆断。
教学目标
知识与技能目标:
The students will be able to
1. sum up the main idea of the story and each paragraph.
2. make inference about the writer’s attitude towards the future life and to identify the evidence used to infer them.
3. describe the future life by using the language from the text and talk about their imaginations of the future life
教学重点和难点
1) 学生利用上下文猜测的阅读技巧,图片和flash等方式的资源,理解未来生活进行描述的细节信息。
2)人物对未来生活个方面的不同态度的推理和判断。
一. 单元分析(Unit Analysis)
(一) 单元地位(Unit position)
1. 本课在对伟大的科学家描述时, 谈及了科学家们的共同特点及他们在科学征途上不畏艰难,迎难而上的精神。教师可以围绕"伟大的科学家"这个主题,设计活动让学生参与口语讨论,加强对科学家的生平和必须具备的品质的了解,从而激励学生向科学家们学习他们坚持真理,持之以恒的精神。
2. 围绕本课主题"伟大的科学家",学生讨论如何才能做一个伟大的科学家?做一名伟大的科学家需要那些具体的品质?我们应该如何向科学家们学习?
3. 本课中出现了新的语法现象---不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式。
其中出现的不定式的完成体和被动式的重点词组有:happen to do, be glad to do, seem to do
重点句型有:Mr. Black happened to have read some articles about Einstein's theory.
He was glad to be invited to attend a lecture on Einstein's theory.
Einstein's theory seems not to be understood by many people even today.
强调句式有:It was...that... do的各种形式。
4. 设计对话,竞猜等形式,让学生在任务教学模拟情景中反复操练本单元出现的不定式和强调句式。
(二)单元目标(Unit Target)
1 了解不定式的完成体和被动式,能区别完成体和被动式的用法,并能熟练运用不定式进行描述。
2 能对科学家的生平事迹进行简单的描述:(出生,国籍,科学领域, 成就或称号......)
3 能述说某一个科学家的小故事。
4 了解强调句式,学会用强调句式。
(三)单元重点(Unit points)
1 关键词:
◆语言知识类
be fascinated by , come to power, speak out against, Theory of Relativity, become involved in, apart from, take oneself seriously, pass away, leave behind, a wealth of
◆ 交际功能类
国家和国籍:Jewish, Germany, Swissland, Italy, the United States
科学术语:photoelectric effect, Nobel prize, atomic,bomb,gravity,relativity,nuclear,weapon
2 功能:
1)Talk about learning(讨论学习) 参见课本85页Useful Language
●Grammar must be learned through language, and not language through grammar.
●He who nothing questions, nothing learns.
●I forgot what I was taught, I only remember what I have learned.
●If you don't learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.
●It is not shame for a man to learn that which he knows not, whatever his age.
●Live to learn, not learn to live.
●Never too old to learn.
●Study, study and study.
●The more you study, the more you will find yourself ignorant.
●There is no royal road to learning.
2)Describe things using emphasis:(用"强调句式"描述事物)
●It was when Einstein was fifteen that his family moved to Italy.
●It did give him plenty of time to think about physics.
3 语法点:
本课出现的不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式应该作为本课的教学重点。
二.教学设计(Teaching Designs)
教学内容
教学实施建议
教学资源参考
1 Reading
作为"伟大的科学家"的这一主题的引入,教师可以利用"头脑风暴手段",结合合作小组的活动方式,让学生列出尽量多的科学家的名字和他们的国籍,科学领域以及他们的主要成就,既让学生回顾了曾经学过的国家, 国籍,又可以引出一些新的词汇。
对于几幅科学家的图片进行简单介绍,了解科学家的事业和生平。
在此基础上,阅读并讲解课文,使学生对科学家有更多的,更深刻的,更全面的了解。
〔链接1〕头脑风暴法的操作建议。
课本75页Highlights部分。
可以参看课外关于科学家的读物。如:《科学家故事》,其中有和课文相关的故事:
惜时如金的爱因斯坦--珍惜时间的故事2 Listening
作为教材的第80页的听力部分,可以让学生了解到Edison的生平事迹。同时建议教师可以利用上海教育出版社出版的《英语(新世纪)》,开展相关主题的听力活动作为对教材的补充。
教材的第80页Listening practice
在课堂内利用第四课时做。
3 Speaking
以"伟大的科学家"为主题设计口语活动。
活动一:让学生事先查找科学家的有关资料,根据图片介绍科学家。
活动二:故事竞猜。让四个同学作为一个活动小组,课前利用网络和图书馆的资源,查找一个科学家的生平事迹以及他的小故事,然后在课堂内讲述,一边描述,一边让其他同学竞猜科学家的名字。
活动三:采访。采访同学最喜欢的科学家是谁?对他有何了解?为何最喜欢他?他有什么精神是值得大家学习的?采访结果可以现在小组内交流,然后由小组推选代表在班级进行汇报。
〔链接2〕故事竞猜的一些具体教学建议。
课本84页Listening and Talking。
4 Writing
本部分内容-运用新学的知识,让学生写一个关于科学家介绍的海报,其中包括照片,图片,科学家的生平,事迹,名言,轶事,贡献等。可以让学生自己完成,并贴在教室后面的墙报处。这样对于书本知识加以巩固和反馈,同时也能了解学生对于课文的掌握程度。
课本85页D Further practice。
5 Structure
不定式的完成体和被动式,强调句式是本课的语法教学内容。教师可以通过,"句型操练"、"话题讨论"两个层次,循序渐进教授语法,同时还可以在课堂上播放语法flash短片,使枯燥的语法讲解和学生的实际相结合,提高学生学习语法的兴趣。
〔链接3〕不定式的完成体和被动式的教学建议和课件。
课本81页Structure部分。
6 Additional Reading
本部分与Unit3内容直接相关,建议放在最后一个课时。本文出现的重要词和词组:natural selection, point out, take up, survive, adapt into, evolution, ancestor, prohibit。针对"适者生存"这个原则,可以在学生中展开讨论,为什么我们现在看不到曾经称霸一时的恐龙?他们生活在什么样的一个时代?为什么会灭绝?我们应该怎样保护地球上的生物,以免重蹈恐龙灭绝的覆辙?
〔链接4〕话题讨论的教学建议。
课本第86页Additional
Reading。
〔链接1〕
说明:
利用"头脑风暴"是提供学生积极思维的好机会。这一环节的运用既能发挥学生的积极主动性,有能使学生在小组活动中互相帮助。以小组形式呈现合作结果,让全体学生对有关"伟大的科学家"以及他们的国籍,科学领域的词汇加以回顾和复习,对新的词汇加以补充与学习。让学生了解伟大的科学家们刻苦钻研,不为艰难的精神,并发自内心地向他们学习。
1 教师准备空白纸,分发到每一个小组中。在组员中确定"记录者";"汇报者",并明确职责。时间控制在两分钟内。
2 在"头脑风暴"过程中,"记录者"记录组内所有成员能想到的有关科学家的词汇。
3 请每组"汇报者"报出所罗列的"科学家"总数。以优胜者为代表汇报结果。教师可以把一些较好的词汇写在黑板上,让全班同学学习。
4 请其余各组补充未提及的一些新词汇。
5 最后教师补充一些学生没有提到的词汇。
例: 以下是一优胜组所列出的科学家和国籍以及他们的科学领域和主要成就或称号:
Edison, American, invention,light
Newton, Jewish, physics, Newton's first law of motion
Einstein, American,physics,the Theory of Relativity
Chenjingrun, Chinese, maths,
Sunsimiao, Chinese, medical, King of medical
其余组补充词汇:
Bruno, Italian, philosopher
Da vinci, Italian, artist and philosopher
Gauss, Germany,maths, King of maths
教师补充词汇:
Nobel, Sweden, chemistry, bomb
Darwin, England, biology, origin of species
Galileo, Italian, physics,telescope
〔链接2〕
"故事竞猜"是一个很好的让学生从图书馆和网络上查找、了解信息的好方式,该活动同时也能锻炼讲述故事的学生对于语言的组织能力和表达能力,对于竞猜的同学来说,也是锻炼听力和思维能力的一种方式。
例:华罗庚:
He was a very famous Chinese scientist major in maths. He was born in 1910. When he was in the primary school, he had poor marks and could hardly graduate from school. Then he went to a professional school to study. A year later, he had to quit school because of poverty. Then he began his self-study in a small room, almost the same room you saw in the film of Den Xiaoping where Chenjingrun studied.
Student B: It's 华罗庚。
Teacher: That's right. Do you still remember the room? please describe it to us.
Student B: It was very dirty, humid, and dark... Things are out of order.
Teacher: Yes. In spite of the hardship, he continued to study by himself and finally was admitted to Qinhua University to teach the students maths..
〔链接3〕
插入一个语法flash讲座,以生动活泼的故事形式教授语法,能够更加吸引学生的注意力,引起学生对枯燥的语法的学习兴趣。
可以点击下面网址观看flash:www.tingroom.com/flash/5/6227.html
〔链接4〕
这个话题很值得学生们的思考与讨论。人类的社会和生产活动,由于只考虑当前需要以及少数人的贪婪,直接地盲目捕猎,或者间接地破坏了动物的生活环境,致使动物无法生存,造成一些珍稀动物灭绝了,一些动物正在濒于灭绝。据科学家估计,自十六世纪以来,世界上约有二百五十多种动物已经绝种了,尚有六百种动物正濒于绝灭之灾。从哺乳动物来看,1771年至1870年的一百年内,有12种绝了种;在1871年至1970年的一百年内,至少有43种被灭绝。现在平均每年绝灭一种。可见,野生动物绝灭的速度越来越快。因此,保护珍稀动物,抢救濒于灭绝的动物种群,保存和发展自然资源,是一件关系子孙后代的大事,是一项刻不容缓的紧迫任务。
1. Discussions on the following issues:
●When did dinosaurs live on earth?
●What did dinosaurs live on?
●Why did dinosaurs die out?
●How to protect other animals from dying out?
2. A report for presentation
●To investigate what kind of animals are faced with extinction and what can we do to protect them?
1、adapt v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?
(2)You can adapt this fabric for anything from pers' suits to gloves.
(3)Many children buy books after they have been adapted for television.
根据语义找匹配
A. 改造;改装 B. 改编;改写 C. 适应;适合
(1)C (2)A (3)B
adapt oneself to…使自己适应或习惯于……
adapt to 适应
adapt sth. for sth. 改造;改装(以适应新用途、新情况)
adapt…from…根据……改写 / 改编
adaptable adj. 适应力强的;适用面广的
adaptation n. 适应; 改编; 改造
adapt / adjust / fit / suit / match
它们都有“适合,适应”的意思。
adapt指修改或改变,使某物或某人做些改变以适应新条件。
You should adapt yourself to the new environment.
adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整,调节”,以使两者互相适应。
You can't see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.
fit指大小适合,引申为“吻合”。
The shoes fit me well.
suit多指合乎要求、口味、性格或情况。
No dish suits all tastes.
match指大小、色调、形状或性质等相配或相称。
A red jacket doesn't match green trousers.
用适当的介词填空
(1)The play is adapted from a Michael Crichton novel.
(2)This teaching material can be adapted for older children.
(3)When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to new customs.
1、adapt v.
2、conduct n. vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1)We are conducting a
survey of consumer attitudes towards organic food.
(2)Non-metals such as wood, glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily.
(3)The orchestra is conducted by John Williams.
(4)“I can't scold your cheating on the examination,” said a father to his son. “But I'm glad that you conduct_yourself honestly next time. ”
(5)Why has his fellow students' conduct changed towards Marty?
根据语义找匹配
A. (乐队)指挥 B. 为人;表现C. 导(电、热)
D. 实施;进行E. 行为
(1)D (2)C (3)A (4)B (5)E
conduct a survey / investigation 进行调查
conduct oneself 表现
conductive adj. 具有传导性的
conductor n. (乐队)指挥;(公共汽车上的)售票员
用conduct的适当形式填空
Yesterday our chemistry teacher(1) conducted an experiment on wood to see whether it is (2) conductive, after the experiment we drew a conclusion that wood is a poor (3) conductor of heat.
3、congratulate vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1)She congratulated me warmly on my exam results.
(2)I congratulate myself on my good fortune.
根据语义找匹配
A. 祝贺;向……道喜B. (因某事)为……感到高兴
(1)A (2)B
congratulate sb. on sth. / congratulate sb. for doing(having done)sth. 祝贺某人做了某事 congratulate oneself on sth. / congratulate oneself for doing / having done sth. 庆幸自己做了某事
congratulation n. 恭喜;祝贺 (常用复数)
please accept my sincere congratulations on your marriage. 谨以至诚祝贺你们喜结良缘。
congratulate / celebrate
两者的意思很接近,但在
英语中却有所不同。
congratulate意思是“祝贺,道贺”,只能用人作宾语,若要表明所祝贺的事情,后面要用on (upon)连接,构成congratulate sb. on / upon sth.
We congratulated her on winning the contest.
I will congratulate you on / upon your success.
celebrate意思是举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”,只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语,构成celebrate sth.
We had a party to celebrate parents' silver wedding.
They will celebrate your birthday next week.
翻译句子
(1)我们祝贺他考试得了第一名。
We congratulated him on having come first in his exam.
(2)请见到她时转达我的祝贺。
please give / pass her my congratulations when you see her.
4、access n.v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access to preschool education.
(2)There is easy access to the countryside by rail.
(3)Bank customers can access their checking accounts instantly through the electronic system.
根据语义找匹配
A. 通道;入口 B. (使用某物或接近某人的)权利;机会 C.接近,利用
(1)B (2)A (3)C
have / get / obtain / gain access to…拥有……的机会;可以接近;进入
give access to接近;准许进入
accessible adj. 可接近的;可进入的;可使用的
be accessible to…可接近的,可靠近的;可使用的
access (to) / approach (to)
access to
①(……的)通道;入口
The only access to that farmhouse is across the fields.
②(使用某物或接近某人的)权利或机会
Students must have access to good resources.
approach to
①(……的)路径;途径
Soldiers were guarding all approaches to the palace.
②(解决某一特定问题,尤其是经过深思熟虑的)方法;态度
We need a fresh approach to sports in education.
单项填空
( )(1)For professional athletes, __________ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.
A. appeal B. attachment C. access D. approach
( )(2)The people living here are __________ to the swimming pool.
A. predictable B. possible C. accessible D. due
5、in other words 换句话说
根据语境感悟其用法
I soon found that the work I was doing had been done by other people — in_other_words,_I'm wasting my time.
我很快发现我在重复别人已做过的事情,换句话说,我是在浪费时间。
keep one‘s word 遵守诺言
break one's word 失信,食言
eat one‘s words 承认说错了话 get in a word插话
leave word留言 have a word with sb. 与某人谈一谈
have words with sb. (about sth. )(为某事)与某人争吵
in a / one word简言之;总之
beyond words无法用言语表达
with these words说完这些话
word came that…有消息传来说……
sb. sent word that…某人传来消息……
Word came that our duties would be changed.
有消息说我们的职责会有变动。
He sent word by an army messenger that they had arrived in Jakarta. 他通过通信兵传送消息说他们已经达到雅加达。
in other words / I mean
in other words 换句话说,也就是说(尤指转向更简单的说法)
He decided to quit the job. In other words, he had to find another job instead.
I mean我是说 (用于补充评论或解释刚说过的话或原因)
We couldn't live on that! I mean, it is ridiculous.
用word的适当短语填空
(1)Nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; in a / one word, I can't speak too highly of him.
(2)I cannot trust him any more because he did not keep his word.
(3)With these words,he left the room hurriedly.
(4)Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions.In other words, he was a great musician.
(5)You also can leave word online, we really appreciate your proposal.
6、out of breath 上气不接下气
根据语境感悟其用法
After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out_of_breath. 爬完那么长的一段楼梯后,她已经完全喘不过气来了。
out of sight看不见 out of control失控
out of date过期,过时 out of order出毛病;混乱
out of work失业 out of patience不能忍受
out of question没问题;无疑;毫无疑问
out of the question不可能的;办不到的
out of fashion过时,不流行
out of reach够不着 out of touch失去联系
out of place不适合 out of cash钱用光了
用out of 的相关短语填空
(1)The Ford car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.
(2)Some popular songs go out of fashion / date (过时)soon.
(3)This medicine is out of order (出毛病).
(4)Hardly had I opened the door when he rushed into the office out of breath (上气不接下气).
( ) 1. (2009?浙江)The good thing about children is that they ______ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal
C. attach D. apply
…but I am very outgoing and have learned to _adapt_to my disability.(p2)
A 本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为:孩子们的一个很好的优势就是他们很容易适应新的环境。adapt to适应;appeal to呼吁;attach to附属于;apply to向……申请。
( ) 2. (2010?全国Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy
C. buying D. to have bought
I have to work hard to_live_a_normal_life but it has been worth it.(p2)
B 动词不定式作目的状语。根据选项此题考查非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后,但是空格后的部分不是对
(3)This medicine is out of order (出毛病).
(4)Hardly had I opened the door when he rushed into the office out of breath (上气不接下气).
( ) 1. (2009?浙江)The good thing about children is that they ______ very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal
C. attach D. apply
…but I am very outgoing and have learned to _adapt_to my disability.(p2)
A 本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为:孩子们的一个很好的优势就是他们很容易适应新的环境。adapt to适应;appeal to呼吁;attach to附属于;apply to向……申请。
( ) 2. (2010?全国Ⅰ)With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy
C. buying D. to have bought
I have to work hard to_live_a_normal_life but it has been worth it.(p2)
B 动词不定式作目的状语。根据选项此题考查非谓语动词。题干中空格划在名词后,但是空格后的部分不是对
一、教材分析:
化学是在原子、分子水平上研究物质组成、结构、性质及其变化和应用的科学。要研究物质的宏观性质,必须从微观粒子入手,才能寻找到原因。化学学科涉及分子、离子、原子、质子、中子、核外电子等多种微观粒子,但最重要的是原子。只要了解了原子的结构,才可以进一步了解分子、离子结构,进而深入认识物质的组成和结构,了解化学变化规律。在初中,学生已初步了解了一些化学物质的性质,因此有必要让学生进入微观世界,探索物质的奥秘。通过本节了解原子构成、核素、同位素概念,了解质子数、中子数和质量数间的关系,为后续周期律的学习打好基础。
二、教学目标
知识目标:
1.明确质量数和AZX的含义。
2.认识核素、同位素等概念的含义及它们之间的关系。
能力目标:
提高同学们辨别概念的能力。
情感、态度与价值观目标:
通过对原子结构的研究,激发学生从微观角度探索自然的兴趣。
三.教学重点难点:
重点:明确质量数和AZX的含义。
难点:认识核素、同位素等概念的含义及它们之间的关系。
四、学情分析:
同学们在初中已经有了关于原子结构的知识,所以这节课原子表示方法比较容易接受,但对于核素同位素的概念是新知识。
五、教学方法:学案导学
六、课前准备:
学生学习准备:导学案
教师教学准备:投影设备
七、课时安排:一课时
八、 教学过程:
(一)、检查学案填写,总结疑惑点(主要以学生读答案展示的方式)
(二)、情景导入,展示目标
原子是构成物质的一种微粒(构成物质的微粒还有离子、分子等),是化学变化中的最小微粒。物质的组成、性质和变化都都与原子结构密切相关,同种原子性质和质量都相同。那么原子能不能再分?原子又是如何构成的呢?这节课我们一起来学习有关原子的几个概念。
(三)、合作探究,精讲点拨
探究一:核素和同位素
1、原子结构:原子由原子核和核外电子构成,原子核在原子的中心,由带正电的质子与不带电的中子构成,带负电的电子绕核作高速运动。也就是说,质子、中子和电子是构成原子的三种微粒。在原子中,原子核带正电荷,其正电荷数由所含质子数决定。
(1)原子的电性关系:核电荷数 = 质子数 = 核外电子数
(2)质量数:将原子核内所有的质子和中子的相对质量取近似整数值加起来所得的数值,叫质量数。
质量数(A)= 质子数(Z)+ 中子数(N)
(3)离子指的是带电的原子或原子团。带正电荷的粒子叫阳离子,带负电荷的粒子叫阴离子。
当质子数(核电荷数)>核外电子数时,该粒子是阳离子,带正电荷;
当质子数(核电核数<核外电子数时,该粒子是阴离子,带负电荷。
(4)原子组成的表示方法
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